动物防疫与检疫中的瘦肉型商品猪饲料配制与饲喂方法指导

目前我国各地方猪种瘦肉率仅有40%左右（如金华猪34.71%，太湖猪39.92%，嘉兴黑猪45.08%），而采用外国引进的公猪与地方母猪配种生产的二元杂交猪，再将二元杂交母猪与外国的公猪交配而生产的三元杂交猪，具有生长速度快、饲料利用率和瘦肉率等优点。各地已成功选育出新的品系，如“湘虹”、“湘益”等，用这些品系繁殖的杂交 pigs 生产商品 pigs，其体躯高长，背腰平直，四肢强健，臀部丰满，瘦肉率分别为68%和67.9%，比当地 pigs 高出20多个百分点。商品 pigs 的平均日增重分别达到910克和857克，增重速度提高15%以上，少耗料10%左右。

由于瘦肉型 pigs 具有鲜明的生长特点，所以在饲料配制和饲喂方法上有不同的要求。具体来说：

饲料配制：养殖家应根据不同生育阶段购买专业厂家生产的全价配合饲料，或自行根据以下方案及其配方进行定制：

方案一：

子期（10千克～20千克）：玉米60%、小麦麸10.5%、花生或豆皮15%、国产鱼粉10%、酵母粉3%、骨粉1%，食盐0.5%

肉质前期（21千克～35千克）：玉米59%, 小麦麸13%, 花生或豆皮15%, 粉类(玉米秧, 花生秧, 地瓜秧, 青干草) 5%, 国产鱼粉6%, 骨粉1.5%, 食盐0%

肉质中期（36千克～60千克）：玉米51.9%, 小麦麸24%, 花生或豆皮15%), 草根3%, 国产鱼粉4.3%) , 骨粉1%)

2- 肉质后期（61千格~90千格）: 玉米65:2%

子期(10-20kg): 玉米60:2/, 麸皮4/, 豆粕28/, 鱼糠4/., 酵母粒2/, 食盐0:3/

肌质前期(21-35kg): 玉米63/%, 麸皮10:2/., 豆粕13:5/., 菜籽7%/.

肌质中期(36-60kg): 玉米62/%, 麸皮12/%,

② 肌质后期(61-90kg): 玉米57/%,

根据实际情况，可以调整上述比例以适应不同区域资源条件。

2.Produce and feed the piglets in a multi-stage manner:

The piglets should be fed multiple times a day until they reach 50 kg in weight.

After reaching this weight limit, feeding should be controlled to two meals per day.

This is because the fat of the piglet mainly accumulates after it reaches 50 kg,

and if it is fed too much during this period, more fat will accumulate and less lean meat will result.

According to experiments,

the daily increase in lean meat for swine between 40 kg and 60 kg was found to be approximately 388 grams,

while that of fat was around 358 grams;

afterward each day would add only about 240 grams of lean meat but twice as much fat as before.

Therefore,

it is necessary to control the growth of swine within an optimal range of slaughter at around

90 kg or so for maximum quality.

These methods are based on practical experience and scientific research results

to ensure that pork production can achieve high efficiency while maintaining good health and safety standards.

It also highlights the importance of controlling nutrition levels during different stages

of growth to promote healthy development and maximize nutritional benefits.

In conclusion,

these guidelines provide valuable insights into how farmers can optimize their operations by tailoring their feeding strategies based on specific breeds' needs

to improve overall productivity while ensuring animal welfare standards are met.

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